Metapopulation Dynamics — Levins Model

Model

Total patches (h) 10

Colonization rate (c) 0.1

Initial occupied (P₀) 1

Extinction floor (e) 0.04

Number of years 20

Initial population per patch (n) 50

Dispersal fraction (d) 0.25

Good-year rate (r_good) 1.25

Bad-year rate (r_bad) 0.75

Independent patch years Yes

1 = patches roll good/bad years independently (risk spreading).

Number of years 30

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Levins model — occupied patches over time